A scoliosis diagnosis often comes with a measurement, an X-ray and a lot of questions. This guide explains what the diagnosis means, how curves are measured and what to ask at the next appointment.
What a scoliosis diagnosis means
Scoliosis is a sideways curve of the spine that measures more than 10 degrees on an X-ray. In more than 80 percent of cases, no specific cause is found; this is called idiopathic scoliosis.
Idiopathic scoliosis is not caused by heavy backpacks or poor posture. Genetics can play a role: about 30 percent of young people with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis have a family history of it.
How a curve is measured
Screening often starts with the Adams forward bend test: bending forward makes differences in the shape of the ribs easier to see. A standing X-ray then shows where the curve is and how large it is. The number in degrees is the Cobb angle.
That number, together with age and how much growth remains, shapes which options are usually discussed:
- Under 10°Not considered scoliosis
- 10° to 25°Often monitored, with checks about every 6 to 12 months
- 25° to 45°Bracing is often discussed while a child is still growing
- Over 45° to 50°Surgery may be recommended
Most cases of idiopathic scoliosis appear between age 10 and the end of growth, which is why curves are watched most closely during growth spurts. A brace generally does not straighten a curve; its goal is to help keep the curve from getting worse while a child is still growing.
What to do in the first few weeks
- Get copies of the images and reports. Keep the X-ray report with the curve measurement in degrees, and ask for the images themselves.
- Write down the timeline. Note when and how the curve was found, and any changes noticed since.
- Ask about growth. For children and teens, ask how much growth remains.
- Ask when the next measurement should be. Comparing measurements over time shows whether a curve is changing.
- Learn the full range of options. Ask why each option does or does not fit, including non-surgical approaches.
- Consider a second opinion. Another perspective can help you feel confident about the plan.
Questions to bring to the next appointment
- What is the curve measurement in degrees?
- Where is the curve: upper, middle or lower back?
- Has the curve changed since the last X-ray?
- How much growth remains?
- Which options fit this curve, and why?
- When should the next check be?
Living with scoliosis
Because a curve can change during growth, follow-up measurements are how changes are noticed. Questions about sports, school, work and daily activities are worth raising with the clinician who knows the full picture.
Questions about a curve?
Scoliosis Correction Centers offers consultations in Cheshire, Connecticut, and North Miami Beach, Florida, for children, teens and adults. A consultation helps determine whether non-surgical care may be appropriate. Individual results vary.
More articles
Sources
- Scoliosis Research Society: Scoliosis
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (OrthoInfo): Idiopathic Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents
This article is general education and is not medical advice. It does not replace an evaluation by a qualified clinician.