Kyphosis is a forward rounding of the upper back. A certain amount is normal; when the rounding increases, it is often called roundback or hyperkyphosis. Here is how the common types are told apart.
What counts as kyphosis
The upper (thoracic) spine naturally curves forward by about 20 to 45 degrees. On X-ray, a curve greater than 50 degrees is considered abnormal, although that alone does not mean invasive treatment is needed.
Three common types in young people
Postural kyphosis
- Usually noticeable during adolescence
- Round, smooth curve
- Can often be corrected by standing up straight
Scheuermann's kyphosis
- Often appears during the teen years
- Three or more vertebrae in a row are wedge-shaped on a side X-ray
- Stiff curve that does not straighten by standing up straight
Congenital kyphosis
- Present at birth
- The spine did not form in the usual way before birth
One simple clue: if a curve straightens when lying down, that suggests postural kyphosis.
Options commonly discussed
Non-surgical care is commonly recommended for postural kyphosis and for Scheuermann's curves under about 70 to 75 degrees. That may include periodic visits and X-rays until growth is complete, specific exercises or physical therapy that can relieve back pain and improve posture, and, for some growing patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis, a brace. Surgery is usually discussed for larger curves, generally over 70 to 75 degrees, or for severe pain.
Kyphosis in adults
Adults and seniors can also have increased rounding of the upper back. Causes and options differ from person to person, so an individual evaluation is the starting point.
Questions to ask about kyphosis
- How many degrees is the curve on the side X-ray?
- Is it postural or structural, such as Scheuermann's?
- Does it straighten when lying down?
- Which exercises or other non-surgical options fit?
- How often should it be rechecked?
Questions about a curve?
Scoliosis Correction Centers offers consultations in Cheshire, Connecticut, and North Miami Beach, Florida, for children, teens and adults. A consultation helps determine whether non-surgical care may be appropriate. Individual results vary.
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This article is general education and is not medical advice. It does not replace an evaluation by a qualified clinician.